Urgent Care

The Achilles tendon is a large tendon which attaches the calf muscles to the bony heel of the foot. When the tendon becomes inflamed or damaged, usually through overuse, a person has developed Archillis tendonitis and will experience pain. The most common symptom of Achilles tendonitis is pain in the back of the foot and heel. The onset of pain may be sudden or gradual.

Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. Typical symptoms of a middle ear infection are pain in the ear and difficulty hearing with the affected ear. There may also be headaches and fever. Severe cases may cause a burst eardrum and pus may run from the ear

Typical anal fissure symptoms are a sensation of tearing, ripping or burning and usually a small amount of bright red bleeding during and after a bowel movement.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour. It begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood

The condition is typically referred to as a sore throat. A sore throat is the characteristic symptom of pharyngitis and – in some cases – may be the only symptom.

Low amounts of Hb usually causes anaemia. Symptoms are fatigue, headaches and breathlessness. There are various causes and definitive treatments are available.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (oesophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your oesophagus. Common signs and symptoms include: burning sensation in your chest, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of food or sour liquid, sensation of lump in the throat. Night time acid reflux can cause chromic cough, laryngitis, new or worsening asthma, disrupted sleep.

Varicella zoster is a virus which can cause an acute infection called chickenpox. This virus also causes shingles. The typical symptom of chickenpox is a vesicular, or blistering, rash on the torso, scalp, face, arms and legs. This rash is often extremely itchy.

Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of weight. To prevent weight gain, people with anorexia severely restrict the food intake, exercise excessively and might misuse laxatives or induce vomiting after food intake

Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples

Conjunctivitis is the name for inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin layer of tissue on the inside of the eyelids and which covers the white part of the eye. Also known as pink eye,

Aphthous mouth ulcers (aphthae) are a common variety of ulcer that form on the mucous membranes, typically in the oral cavity (mouth). Other names for aphthous ulcers include aphthous stomatitis and canker sores.

A common condition, it often develops following upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold or the flu. It is usually caused by viruses, but in rare cases, it can be caused by a bacterial infection. As the condition develops and phlegm builds up in the lungs, coughing up phlegm or sputum will likely occur. This may be yellow, green or clear in colour

Allergic rhinitis is a condition in which inflammation develops inside the nose; this is caused by an allergic reaction to particles in the air. These particles, which are otherwise harmless to the body, are known as allergens. Typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, a runny nose and itchy eyes.

The key arthritis symptoms include pain, stiffness and swelling. Arthritis can be localized to one joint or it can affect many joints, and can affect different structures inside a joint, such as the joint lining known as the synovium, bones, cartilage, or supporting tissues.

The typical symptoms of gastritis may include stomach pain or discomfort, as well as loss of appetite, nausea or even vomiting. In some cases, however, there may only be mild symptoms, or even no symptoms at all. Food intake can sometimes reduce or increase the abdominal discomfort

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS, is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. Signs and symptoms might include: Difficulty walking or doing normal daily activities, tripping and falling, weakness in leg, feet or ankle, hand clumsiness, muscle cramps and twitching, inappropriate crying, laughing or yawning, cognitive and behavioural changes.

Asthma primarily affects the bronchial tubes in the lungs, called the airways. During an asthma attack, in which symptoms of asthma flare up, people typically experience breathing difficulties, due to the inflammation of the airways, which results in reduced airflow into the lungs. Asthma can vary in severity; its symptoms may be present every day or only during an asthma attack. The most common symptoms of asthma include wheezing, chest pain and shortness of breath.

Acute laryngitis is a short-term inflammatory condition affecting the larynx, or voice box, typically lasting less than 3 weeks. The main symptoms of laryngitis are a hoarse voice, also known as dysphonia, and sore throat

Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your ability to speak, write and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumour or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage (degenerative

Atopic dermatitis is usually confined to one area of the body, though it can affect multiple areas in severe cases. Areas of skin which are near skin creases – such as the elbows, wrists, back of the knees and neck – are the most commonly affected areas. In infants, the face is the most commonly affected area. Thickened skin or scars can develop from scratching or rubbing. If the affected area becomes infected, thick, yellow pus, as well as redness and crusting may appear.

Back pain can range from a muscle aching to a shooting, burning or stabbing sensation. In addition, the pain may radiate down your leg or worsen with bending, twisting, lifting, standing or walking. Conditions commonly linked to back pain include muscle or ligament strain, bulging or ruptured discs, arthritis, osteoporosis.

Bacterial sinusitis involves inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the sinuses, and is caused by a bacterial infection. There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses which are located below, above, between and behind the eye sockets – the maxillary sinuses, frontal sinuses, ethmoid sinuses and sphenoidal sinuses. Symptoms of bacterial sinusitis include: Pressure or pain around the nose, in the forehead, in the cheeks or around the eyes. The pain often gets worse if the affected person bends forward, Discoloured, thick nasal discharge, decreased sense of smell and ability to taste, Stuffy nose, Bad breath.

Birth control options include natural family planning, over-the-counter products, prescription contraceptives and sterilization. In order to choose the birth control method that's best for you, consider your lifestyle, personal preferences and health status. Birth control options include the following: (A) Barrier methods. Examples include male and female condoms, as well as the diaphragm, cervical cap and contraceptive sponge.( B) Short-acting hormonal methods. Examples include birth control pills, as well as the vaginal ring, skin patch and contraceptive injection. These are considered short-acting methods because you have to remember to use them on a daily, weekly or monthly basis.( C) Long-acting hormonal methods. Examples include the copper IUD, the hormonal IUD and the contraceptive implantt. These are considered long-acting methods because they last for three to 10 years after insertion — depending on the device — or until you decide to have the device removed. (D) Sterilization. This is a permanent method of birth control. Examples include tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men. E) Fertility awareness methods. These methods focus on knowing which days of the month you are able to get pregnant (fertile), often based on basal body temperature and cervical mucus. To avoid getting pregnant, you do not have sex on or around the days you are fertile, or you use a barrier method of birth control. (E) Eemergency contraception — such as the morning-after pill which can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex.

Baby eczema, or infant eczema, is a highly common and treatable skin condition which typically first occurs in children before the age of five. Also known as atopic eczema, infantile atopic dermatitis or just atopic dermatitis, the condition results in red, dry, itchy and cracked skin that may sometimes crack and bleed.

Bad breath may be present in significant population, may persists or be a recent phenomenon. Infection of oral cavity and growth of micro-organisms in mouth can result in bad breath. With proper treatment after identifying cause, problems of bad breath can be easily solved.

Most reactions to insect bites and stings are mild, causing little more than redness, itching, stinging or minor swelling. Rarely, insect bites and stings, such as from a bee, a wasp, a hornet, a fire ant or a scorpion, can result in severe reactions. Some insects also carry diseases. Usually the signs and symptoms of a bite/sting disappear in a day or two. Emergency care should be given if the person experiences any of the following symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of lips/eyelid/throat, dizziness, confusion, hives, rapid heartbeat, nausea, cramps or vomiting

Conjunctivitis is the name for inflammation of the conjunctiva; this is the thin layer of tissue on the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. Also known as pink eye, conjunctivitis is often caused by bacteria, a virus (see viral conjunctivitis) or allergies (see allergic conjunctivitis). If pink eye is caused by bacteria, it is called bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial vaginosis, also called bacterial vaginitis or BV, is an infection of the vagina caused by an imbalance of various types of natural vaginal bacteria. It is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge and is estimated to affect as many as one in three women at some point in their lives. Among those who do, the most common symptom is milky, off-white or grey vaginal discharge, which is often described as having a fishy odour. The discharge tends to be heavier after sexual intercourse or a period

A blood test is typically composed of three main tests: a complete blood count, a metabolic panel and a lipid panel. Each test for different things, which can be understood through a detailed analysis of the results. Confusingly, it is likely that the results of the three tests will not be differentiated from each other and, instead, will be listed under one large column, often labelled “Test Name”. Within each are various sub-tests, which altogether give a broad picture of an individual’s health.

Bacterial gastroenteritis is a type of gastroenteritis – a common condition sometimes called stomach flu or food poisoning. Gastroenteritis is the result of irritation and inflammation in the stomach and intestines. The main symptom is usually diarrhea. Other symptoms may include: Abdominal (belly) pain or cramps, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Fever. In severe cases, blood in the stool (faeces); if blood is present, medical attention should be sought as a matter of urgency.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common condition of the inner ear. This condition causes short episodes of dizziness (vertigo) associated with certain head movements. These episodes are caused by particles (crystals) irritating the semi-circular canals, the part of the inner ear which regulates balance and equilibrium. Besides dizziness, people with BPPV feel nauseous and may vomit during these attacks. BPPV tends to get better over weeks or months, but may reoccur.

Bacterial prostatitis is a condition in which a bacterial infection develops in the prostate gland. The prostate is a gland that sits under the bladder, and forms the first part of the urethra (the tube that carries urine away from the bladder). Older men with an enlarged prostate are commonly affected by bacterial prostatitis. Typical symptoms are fever, chills, burning sensation while urinating, difficulty to start urination, and pain around the anus.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland (a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in men). The most common symptoms of BPH are related to urination. They include: The need to urinate frequently, including at night, Strong urges to urinate that appear suddenly and may lead to urinary leakage, A weak or interrupted urine stream, Urinary dribbling, which is where urine slowly leaks out after urination, due to incomplete emptying of the bladder, The sensation that the bladder is never truly empty, also known as incomplete voiding. Pain while urinating, Red-tinted urine due to presence of small amounts of red blood cells in the urine

Typical signs and symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, coughing up phlegm, and shortness of breath. Some cases also report sore throat, headache, muscle pain, and chills. More serious cases develop severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock that can lead to death. People over 60 and those with existing chronic conditions (namely hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer) seem to be more vulnerable to severe illness and death.

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition causing inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes – the airways through which air passes to and from the lungs. People with chronic bronchitis will typically experience a persistent cough that will often bring up mucus. Other symptoms include fatigue, wheezing and shortness of breath.

The typical symptoms of cold sores are itching and tingling, followed by painful blisters on the mouth and lip area, from which encrusted wounds eventually develop. The symptoms can last up to two weeks. During the first episode of cold sores, the blisters can be very painful and can also be accompanied by fever, muscle pain, and swelling of the lymph nodes in the face and neck.

Candida vulvovaginitis, also known as vaginal thrush, vaginal yeast infection and vaginal candidiasis, is a common infection of the vulva and vagina. The condition occurs when Candida, a naturally occurring fungus, overgrows and causes symptoms such as vaginal itchiness and irritation, pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge.

Acute gastritis is also an inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining, but one that lasts for a shorter period of time than chronic gastritis. A person affected by chronic gastritis may sometimes not notice many or possibly not even any symptoms and when pain appears, it is typically dull and long-lasting. People who experience symptoms linked to chronic gastritis, rather than its various complications, may experience: Pain or an ache in the upper abdomen, A feeling of being full, Pain while fasting, Pain after eating, Nausea, Vomiting

A common cold is a mild viral infection of the nose, throat, sinuses and upper airways. The symptoms of a cold include coughing, sneezing, a sore throat and a runny or blocked nose.

Cardiovascular disease risk factors can be split into two categories: modifiable and non-modifiable. On-modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors are those that cannot be changed. These include a person’s age, ethnicity and family history (genetics cannot be changed), among other factors. Modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors are those that can be reduced or controlled with altered behaviour. By making certain lifestyle changes, people are able to lower their chances of developing cardiovascular disease.

This is characterized by infrequent stools which are often difficult to pass. It typically affects women and older adults. The typical symptom of this condition is passing fewer than 3 bowel movements per week for more than 6 months.

Common warts, also known as verruca vulgaris, is a common dermatological condition that causes small, fleshy growths on the skin. They are most often found on the hands or fingers, but can also occur in any other non-genital location Common warts, also known as verruca vulgaris, is a common dermatological condition that causes small, fleshy growths on the skin. They are most often found on the hands or fingers, but can also occur in any other non-genital location

A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s lens which leads to a decrease in vision and, in some cases, possible blindness. The condition occurs when protein clumps in one or both eyes prevent the retina from receiving clear images. Cataracts generally affect older people, but can also be present from birth, be brought about by exposure to radiation or trauma, as well as through complications from surgery. Symptoms include: Blurred, clouded or dimmed vision, Sensitivity to light and glare, particularly at night, Objects appear yellow-tinged or faded in colour, Halos appearing around lights, Changes in glasses prescription

Laryngitis may be short-lived (acute) or last for a longer time. Chronic laryngitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the larynx (voice box) which persists for more than three weeks. The main symptom of chronic laryngitis is vocal hoarseness, which occurs due to inflammation of the vocal cords in the throat. When the vocal cords are inflamed, this distorts the sounds made in speech, when air passes over them, resulting in hoarseness of voice.

Contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin triggered by a substance the skin has come into contact with. The substance may be an allergen, something that provokes an allergic reaction, or an irritant, something that damages the skin. Inflammation commonly results in red, itchy and cracked skin.

Chemotherapy can result in a wide range of side effects. Cancer cells are characterized by their tendency to divide rapidly; chemo therefore fights the disease by attacking fast-dividing cells. Unfortunately, healthy cells that divide quickly are also targeted, resulting in adverse side effects. Although there is no way to prevent chemotherapy side effects altogether, there are methods of managing them that can lessen their worst symptoms.

Chronic pelvic pain, or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, is a long-term condition characterized by abdominal pain in the area below the belly button. To be classed as chronic, the pain must be present for at least six months and be severe enough to require treatment or cause functional disability. Chronic pelvic pain can affect men, but is most common in women. This resource, therefore, will primarily focus on the condition in women.

Cutaneous burns, also known as thermal injuries, are one of the most common household injuries, mostly caused by hot liquids or fire. They can be mild or life-threatening emergencies depending on the percentage of the surface of the body which is burned. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and possible complications. It varies from minor wound care to treatment in a special burn unit, including medications, wound dressings or surgery.

A chest cold, or acute bronchitis, is a condition affecting the bronchial tubes of the lungs, causing short-term inflammation and irritation of these airways. Common symptoms include a persistent cough, shortness of breath and fatigue.

An affected person may experience bouts (clusters) of 1-8 headaches per day, also known as cluster periods, for intermittent periods of time lasting weeks or months, usually followed by remission periods when the headaches stop. During remission, no headaches occur for months and sometimes even years. The cycles might be in step with the changing of the seasons. However, some chronic, year-round, presentations of the condition do not seem to have any connections to seasonal or environmental triggers.

In people who have a healthy immune system (this is called immunocompetent), CMV infection does not usually lead to any symptoms. In some cases, the affected person may be feverish and feel unwell for only a short period of time, or have mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue or tender lymph nodes. However, people with weakened immune systems, such as people who are HIV-positive or who are undergoing immunosuppressive treatment because of organ transplants, may become quite ill when infected with cytomegalovirus. Additionally, if a pregnant person is infected with CMV while pregnant, the baby may be affected. This can be particularly serious in new born babies.

Dandruff is a common condition that causes the skin on the scalp to flake. It isn't contagious or serious. But it can be embarrassing and though difficult to treat, it can be managed well. Mild dandruff can be treated with a gentle daily shampoo. If that doesn't work, a medicated shampoo may help. Symptoms may return later. Dandruff is considered to be a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis. In babies, seborrheic dermatitis is called cradle cap.

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a condition in which the body’s blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. Glucose comes from the food we eat and is the body’s main source of energy. It is helped to reach the cells of the body by insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas. Diabetes occurs when the body produces no or insufficient quantities of insulin to do this, and so glucose builds up in the blood. Persistently high blood glucose levels can, over time, cause health problems such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and vision loss. With proper treatment, however, diabetes can generally be managed effectively and complications minimised. Treatment will usually be required throughout a person’s life as, currently, there exists no cure for diabetes.

Diarrhoea is loose, watery and possibly more-frequent bowel movement. It is usually short-lived, lasting no more than a few days. A number of diseases and conditions can cause diarrhoea including infections-caused by viruses, bacteria & parasites, medications, lactose intolerance, abdominal/ gall bladder removal surgeries, other digestive disorders. Diarrhoea lasting for weeks or longer could be due to irritable bowel disorder, persistent infection or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms of diarrhoea include loose watery stools, abdominal cramps, blood or mucus in stool, bloating, fever, nausea, urgent need to have a bowel movement. Most cases of diarrhoea clear on their own within a couple of days without treatment. For severe or persistent diarrhoea, treatment would involve replacing fluids, along with management of the underlying condition.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection, common in Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Caribbean, Africa, the Americas, Australia and the Pacific islands. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito (typically of the species Aedes aegypti) and usually causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, pain in the muscles and general weakness. Although most cases of dengue fever are relatively mild, even mild infections can cause painful or debilitating symptoms.

Most often found in babies, it is also known as: Nappy rash, Diaper dermatitis, Irritant diaper dermatitis. Diaper rash is a type of inflammation most often caused by wetness, skin sensitivity, or chafing, though it can also be caused by certain medications or chemicals. While uncomfortable, it is usually a mild condition that can be successfully treated at home.

A major group of patients complain about ear pain. Ear pain may be caused due to various causes and some may require urgent medical care to save hearing ability of infected ear. Usual symptoms along with pain, include drainage from ears, headache or fever. According to part of the ear infected, treatment of ear pain varies.

Essential hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that has no clearly identifiable cause, but is thought to be linked to genetics, poor diet, lack of exercise and obesity. It is by far the most common form of high blood pressure, affecting the majority of those who experience hypertension. It is also known as primary hypertension There are a variety of methods for managing essential hypertension, including lifestyle changes and medication. If left untreated, the condition can lead to serious complications, including heart attack and heart failure.

If excessive sweating has no underlying medical cause, it's called primary hyperhidrosis. It happens when excess sweating is not triggered by a rise in temperature or physical activity. Primary hyperhidrosis may be at least partly hereditary. If the excess sweating is due to an underlying medical condition, it's called secondary hyperhidrosis, and it needs medical attention and care.

Folate is also known as Vitamin B9. It is one of a group of important vitamins involved in cell metabolism. Folate plays a critical role in the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins. Deficiency can therefore cause impairment of cell division and an accumulation of possibly toxic metabolites, e.g., homocysteine. Along with Vitamin B12, folate is important for regulating the manufacture of red blood cells. Common symptoms of folate deficiency can include: Tiredness, fatigue and lethargy, Muscle weakness, Neurological signs, such as a feeling of pins and needles, tingling, or burning, or peripheral neuropathy, i.e. a numbness in the extremities, Psychological problems, such as depression, confusion, memory problems, problems of judgement and understanding, Gastrointestinal signs, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss and diarrhea, Headache and dizziness, Pallor, Shortness of breath

Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is vital during pregnancy. Although there is no need to begin or follow a special diet during pregnancy, it is important to consume a variety of different food groups to ensure the growing baby receives the right amount of nutrients and minerals it needs to develop and grow properly.

Injury, overuse or conditions causing inflammation involving any of the bones, ligaments or tendons in the foot can cause foot pain. Arthritis is a common cause of foot pain. Injury to the nerves of the feet may result in intense burning pain, numbness or tingling (peripheral neuropathy)

Most foods are safe to eat during pregnancy. However, there are certain foods and food groups to avoid during pregnancy to prevent any harm to the mother or baby. There are also certain precautions to take while preparing food to ensure it is safe to consume during pregnancy. If there is any uncertainty over whether or not to eat a particular kind of food, or you are concerned about something you may have eaten, contact a doctor or midwife as a matter of priority.

Heel fissures are cracks or divides in the skin over your heels. Sometimes these are an uncomfortable nuisance because they cause thick layers of dead skin cells to build up. Other times they can be potential triggers for painful, dangerous infections and skin damage. If you have heel fissures, there are treatments you can try as well as preventive methods to keep your skin soft.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly known as GERD or GORD, is a condition in which stomach acid leaks backwards up the oesophagus, the tube between the mouth and stomach. It is a common condition, especially in people over the age of 40 and pregnant women. People who smoke and/or regularly drink alcohol, and those who are obese are also more likely to develop GERD. Common symptoms include a burning pain in the chest (heartburn) and an acidic taste in the mouth.

Genital herpes is a viral condition which causes blisters on the genitals. It is a common condition that can affect both men and women, usually caused by herpes simplex virus 2 and sometimes by herpes simplex virus 1. This condition is contagious and is transmitted through direct physical contact, usually sexual contact. The blisters associated with genital herpes are often stinging or painful, and people with this condition may also have a fever or swelling of the lymph nodes in the groin. Treatment involves antivirals, such as acyclovir, in cream or tablet form. The symptoms of this condition tend to be recurring, especially when a person feels stressed or unwell.

Gout is a type of arthritis caused by an excess of a chemical called uric acid, also called urate. This excess acid in the bloodstream can prompt urate crystals to form around certain joints in the body, most often the big toe, resulting in inflammation. Typical symptoms are severe pain in one or more joints, accompanied by redness, swelling and difficulty moving the joint. It is a painful condition, but one that usually passes within three to 10 days. However, if left untreated, episodes of gout can return over time, increase in severity and lead to complications. If you are concerned you may have gout, try using the Ada app to begin your personal health assessment.

Headaches are characterized by pain in any part of the head. They are second only to the common cold as the most frequently-heard medical complaint and manifest in many different forms – all with their own causes, triggers and characteristics. A headache can be localized to one part of the head or affect the whole head; the pain can also vary in sensation, severity and frequency. A range of treatment options are available for headaches, with the chosen method dependent on the type of headache and its causes. In most instances, headaches can be managed effectively through medication, lifestyle changes or a combination of the two.

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swellings that occur when the blood vessels in and around the lower rectum and anal canal become enlarged or swollen. This may cause itching, bleeding and discomfort, though in some cases, no symptoms at all may be present. Haemorrhoids are very common and typically cause no serious health problems. They can, however, be uncomfortable and irritating, meaning medical attention is advised. Treatment options are available and are usually successful in managing the symptoms.

Herpes zoster infection, often known as shingles, is a common viral infection caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. The varicella zoster virus is also known as herpes zoster and is a member of the human herpesvirus family. All people that develop shingles will have had chickenpox at some point in their lives, usually during childhood. Herpes zoster infection is more likely to affect older people and people with a weak immune system. It causes a burning pain, followed by a painful blistering rash, which tends to only affect one area of the body.

A person’s haemoglobin levels indicate how much haemoglobin is present in their blood. Haemoglobin, also written as haemoglobin, is a complex protein found in red blood cells which helps to circulate oxygen around the body and transport carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. If a person’s levels of haemoglobin are either too low or too high, this can have a variety of consequences for one’s health. High levels of haemoglobin are relatively rare, while low levels, a condition known as anaemia, are relatively common and can occur in people of all ages, though they are especially common in pregnant women and people experiencing a range of other conditions. Treating both high and low levels of haemoglobin usually involve treatment for the underlying cause.

Herpes simplex, typically referred to as “herpes” or HSV, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. The virus comes in two varieties: Herpes type one (HSV-1) and herpes type two (HSV-2). Although it can occasionally cause genital herpes, herpes type one (also called herpes labialis) generally leads to sores around the mouth, whereas herpes type two generally leads to genital sores. These sores, also known as cold sores or fever blisters, can be painful but are generally manageable. As yet, there is no known cure for the herpes simplex virus but symptoms can be managed.

Also known as prickly heat and miliaria — isn't just for babies. It affects adults, too, especially during hot, humid weather. Heat rash develops when blocked pores (sweat ducts) trap perspiration under your skin. Symptoms range from superficial blisters to deep, red lumps. Some forms of heat rash feel prickly or intensely itchy. Heat rash usually clears on its own. Severe forms of the condition may need medical care, but the best way to relieve symptoms is to cool your skin and prevent sweating.

Impetigo, or school sores, is a bacterial infection of the skin. It is caused by Staphylococcal or Streptococcal bacteria. It is a relatively common infection, and most commonly affects school-aged children. It is easily spread by skin-to-skin contact, or via objects touched by someone with the infection. It causes itchy, painless bumps or sores which become blisters and burst, leaving a light brown crust. It may take several weeks to clear but antibiotics shorten the time taken to heal and reduce the spread of the bacteria. With appropriate treatment, most people recover well.

Influenza infection, also known as the flu, is a common viral infection of the airways that most often occurs in fall and winter. It can cause multiple symptoms, including fever, cough, a runny nose and muscle aches. People with severe cases of the infection, or who are at higher risk of developing flu-related complications, may need to seek medical attention. In rare instances, influenza can cause severe complications, in which case the condition may become life-threatening.

May be the result of a number of different factors and conditions. Some of the most common causes of iron deficiency are inadequate dietary intake, continuous blood loss, increased need and inadequate absorption. Symptoms of iron deficiency do not always manifest until iron-deficiency anaemia develops, but may include fatigue; paleness; dizziness; an inability to concentrate and diminished productivity; unhealthy nails, skin and hair and a painful tongue, among others

Infantile atopic dermatitis, often called atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema or baby eczema, is a very common skin condition in children. People with this condition suffer dermatitis (inflammation of the skin) due to allergies or having skin which is sensitive to certain substances. It tends to affect children before they turn five. The typical symptoms are a red, itchy rash and scaly, dry skin. These symptoms tend to flare (get worse) in response to certain triggers. Treatment involves keeping the skin moist and using creams or medications to soothe the skin and treat the inflammation. Many children with atopic dermatitis will find that their condition improves over time, and may not have any symptoms by the time they are teenagers.

Iron deficiency is very common in both developing and developed countries, making it the most widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Groups of people who are particularly at risk of developing iron deficiency include pregnant women, premenopausal women, infants, children, teenagers and the elderly.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting bowel function, characterized by symptoms mostly relating to digestive discomfort, including diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas, cramping, and abdominal pain. IBS affects around 11 % of the population globally. IBS can be a long-term condition requiring careful management. The improvement of a person’s digestive health is often brought about by a combination of lifestyle and diet changes designed to reduce instances of bloating, constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms they may be experiencing. Pharmaceutical interventions may be used to treat chronic (persistent) cases of IBS.

It is a common infection found in summers among people who work in sweaty conditions. It is presented with intense itching rashes between two legs. It is causes due to fungus known as Tenia and is treated using various anti-fungal medications it’s topical and oral.

Sicca (dry eyes): Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, also known as dry eye syndrome, is a common dysfunction of the eyes. It occurs when the eyes cannot produce tears or produce insufficient quantities of tears, or when there is an imbalance in the amount of oil, water and mucus in the tear fluid. The condition is a common cause of ocular irritation, typically resulting in a feeling of grittiness in the eyes, redness and blurred vision, among other symptoms. These. Any occur with other symptoms in chronic diseases or may be idiopathic.

Knee pain can be caused by problems with the knee joint itself, or it can be caused by conditions affecting the soft tissues — ligaments, tendons or bursae — that surround the knee. Knee pain can be caused by injuries (such as a ruptured ligament or torn cartilage), mechanical problems, types of arthritis, gout and infections.. Treatment depends on the cause of the knee pain.

: Common disease seems among the coastal population of India which is characterised by enlargement of the lower limbs and genital region due to infection of filariasis worms. It is spread due mosquitos in the night.

Malaria is a serious disease which occurs almost exclusively in the tropics and subtropics. It is caused by infection with a parasite called Plasmodium, which is spread through the bite of female mosquitoes that carry it. The main symptoms of malaria are fever and a flu-like illness. Left untreated, malaria can cause severe complications, leading to a poor prognosis with a high mortality. However, it has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Malaria is typically preventable with the use of antimalarial drugs when a person visits endemic areas

This is a common condition which often affects younger adults (from teenagers through to middle-age), and tends to affect women more frequently than men. Migraines are usually accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). Many, but not all, people experience aura before a migraine. While numerous triggers of attacks are known, the cause of migraine is not well understood. Migraines can be managed by resting and taking medications for the headache.

Musculoskeletal lower back pain is a common condition affecting the muscles and bones of the lower back. About 40 percent of the population will have this condition at some point of their life. It can develop suddenly or progressively over many weeks or months. Accidents, fractures, surgery, heavy work, intensive sports and medical conditions (such as arthritis and osteoarthritis) are common causes of the lower back pain. Back pain, back stiffness and back muscle spasms are typical symptoms. Treatment depends upon the cause of the pain.

Measles is a highly infectious, viral illness. Children are most often affected, although it can occur at any age. Although the illness is unpleasant, most people make a full recovery. However, in certain cases, serious complications can develop. The measles virus is contained in water droplets and most often spread through the nose or mouth of an infected person. Physical contact, coughing and sneezing are the most common causes of infection spreading. People with measles typically experience flu-like symptoms, such as a runny nose and coughing, fever, feeling generally unwell and a gradual rash. The symptoms of measles usually get better within seven to 10 days.

Morning sickness is pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, typically occurring between weeks 5 and 20. Despite the name, the symptoms of morning sickness can present themselves at any time of the day, and some women may feel sick throughout the day. The condition affects roughly 50 to 90 percent of pregnant women. It is generally mild and usually poses no risk to the developing baby, unless it develops into a more severe and longer lasting condition called hyperemesis gravidarum, which may affect the baby’s birth weight. However, morning sickness can cause discomfort and significantly interfere with the day-to-day lives of pregnant women. There are a range of treatment options available to help manage the condition.

The menopause transition period, which is also known as perimenopause, is the period of time during which a woman moves beyond her childbearing years and enters menopause. Menopause itself is when a woman has not had a menstrual period for more than one year. During menopause transition, women often experience a change in menstrual cycles, vaginal dryness, hot flashes or flushes and sleeping problems. The experience of the symptoms can vary greatly from mild to unbearable and can cause severe interference with daily activities and sleep. The perimenopause usually lasts around five years. The symptoms are often treated with lifestyle changes and hormonal therapies. Although the symptoms should eventually peter out as one enters the menopause, troublesome symptoms which persist can be managed, and should be discussed with a doctor.

Mumps is a contagious viral infection. The mumps virus is spread via saliva droplets which are released into the air when coughing or sneezing or by sharing cups or cutlery. The most common symptom is a swelling of the face under the ears, along with a fever, sore throat and tiredness. The condition usually gets better without causing serious complications. Treatment is limited to painkillers, cool compresses on the swollen face and plenty of rest and fluids. Vaccination against mumps is a very effective form of prevention.

Neck pain causes include muscle strain caused by poor posture, worn joints (osteoarthritis), nerve compression, injuries, diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, meningitis etc. Treatment depends on the cause but most mild to moderate neck pain responds well to self-care.

Non-allergic rhinitis is the medical term for inflammation of the lining of the nose which is not caused by an allergy. Inflammation of the inside of the nose causes swelling, blockage and the production of more fluid than usual. There are multiple possible causes, but the most common is a viral infection. Besides a blocked and runny nose, symptoms may include face pain and sneezing. Some people may find their symptoms only last a number of days, others may find their symptoms persist for weeks or months. Treatment depends on the cause, but many people find that the symptoms are helped by breathing warm, humid air, using decongestant sprays and taking anti-inflammatory medications. In most cases, the symptoms will get better without specific treatment.

Onychomycosis (also known as tinea ungums) is a fungal nail infection which can affect the toenails and/or fingernails. Onychomycosis more commonly affects toenails rather than fingernails. There are several different types of fungal nail infection, depending on the kind of fungus causing the infection. Onychomycosis or infected nails are most often caused by a type of parasitic fungi called dermatophyte fungi. Most types of onychomycoses have the same signs of infection: the infected nail usually becomes thick and discoloured. This process generally starts at the tip of the nail and progresses downwards towards the root. As the infection progresses, the affected nail can become itchy and/or slightly painful. Infected nails may become crumbly, and it is not uncommon for part or all of the infected nail to break off.

Osteoporosis is a disorder of the skeleton in which the structure of the bones becomes porous. This can lead to the bones becoming weak, fragile and prone to painful fractures (breaks). It is a common bone disorder which can affect people of all ages. People with osteoporosis are also prone to stress fractures, where a break occurs during a prolonged bout of a normal activity, such as walking, with no direct causal injury. Other signs that a person might be affected by osteoporosis include: Pain in the spine and back; spinal fractures can cause long-term or chronic pain, Hypokyphosis; a stooped posture, often characterised by a hunched back.

Osteocalcia is the softening of bones in the body, leading to bone pain, bone tenderness, bending of the long bones and, in some cases, fractures. Soft bones are a typical sign of osteomalacia. It can lead to symptoms such as: Pain or tenderness in the bones, Muscle spasms and/or cramps, Muscle weakness, particularly in the thighs and buttocks, waddling gait and/or difficulty walking, feeling of pins and needles, known as paraesthesia, or numbness around the mouth or in the arms and legs, in cases of calcium deficiency.

Otitis externa is a condition that occurs when the external ear canal, the channel between the outer ear and the eardrum, becomes inflamed. The condition is typically the result of a bacterial or fungal infection, but can also be caused by irritation or allergies. As repeated exposure to water can make otitis externa more likely, the condition is commonly referred to as swimmer’s ear. Symptoms include pain in the ear, itchiness in the ear canal, partial hearing loss and a discharge of pus or liquid. While it can cause severe discomfort.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a bacterial infection of the cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus (womb). The most common cause is a sexually-transmitted infection (STI). This condition can affect women of all ages, but it most commonly affects people between the ages of 15 and 24. Symptoms may include: pain in the pelvis or abdomen, pain during sexual intercourse, an unusual vaginal discharge, and fever. Pelvic inflammatory disease is treated with antibiotics, and early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid the complications of internal scarring and infertility.

Podagra, which in Greek translates to ‘foot trap’, is gout which affects the joint located between the foot and the big toe, known as the metatarsophalangeal joint. Gout, also known as gouty arthritis, results in recurrent, acute attacks of joint inflammation. Podagra causes severe pain in the metatarsophalangeal joint, which is the joint at the base of the big toe. The onset of gout symptoms in the big toe is characterized by intense attacks of pain, usually sudden and often at night.

Heat rash — also known as prickly heat and miliaria — isn't just for babies. It affects adults, too, especially during hot, humid weather. Heat rash develops when blocked pores (sweat ducts) trap perspiration under your skin. Symptoms range from superficial blisters to deep, red lumps. Some forms of heat rash feel prickly or intensely itchy. Heat rash usually clears on its own. Severe forms of the condition may need medical care, but the best way to relieve symptoms is to cool your skin and prevent sweating.

Peptic ulcer disease is a condition with an open sore or ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The main symptom is burning pain in the upper part of the belly after meals. Other symptoms are heartburn, burping, bloating and nausea. The symptoms of a peptic ulcer usually worsen over time. Peptic ulcers can lead to bleeding, a hole in the bowel (called a perforation) and other medical emergencies. These complications may cause symptoms which start suddenly. The treatment of peptic ulcer disease depends on the cause. Once the cause is recognized and treated, the outlook is usually good.

It is a phenomenon seen due to various reasons, including some nutrient deficiency. While some causes are reversable, other factors are more genetics and cannot be solved.

Plantar warts, sometimes called verrucae, are a type of wart found on the sole of the foot or the toes, most commonly in weight-bearing locations such as the heel. They are a very common type of wart, especially in children, and are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) – a common viral infection of the skin. HPV infections in locations other than the foot are not classed as plantar warts. HPV is contagious, meaning plantar warts can be passed from person to person, either through direct skin-to-skin contact or indirectly through contact with a surface or object that carries the virus. People with weakened immune systems and children are more at risk of developing common warts. In the majority of cases, plantar warts are no cause for concern and will often disappear naturally. Treatment and removal options, however, are available, particularly for cases in which the warts are causing severe pain or discomfort.

Heat rash — also known as prickly heat and miliaria — isn't just for babies. It affects adults, too, especially during hot, humid weather. Heat rash develops when blocked pores (sweat ducts) trap perspiration under your skin. Symptoms range from superficial blisters to deep, red lumps. Some forms of heat rash feel prickly or intensely itchy. Heat rash usually clears on its own. Severe forms of the condition may need medical care, but the best way to relieve symptoms is to cool your skin and prevent sweating.

Scabies refers to a skin infection caused by a small mite. These mites spread from person to person by skin-to-skin contact or sharing personal items, such as towels or clothing. This condition can affect anyone, but is more common in situations in which people live in close contact with one another. The symptoms include itching and a rash between the fingers and toes or in areas where the skin folds. These signs are usually sufficient for providing a diagnosis. Scabies is not a serious condition but needs treatment in order to resolve. Treatment involves applying skin lotions to kill the mites, and taking steps to remove mites from household items such as linen and clothing. Most people recover well following treatment for scabies.

Shingles is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus . Pain is usually the first symptom of shingles. Most commonly, the shingles rash develops as a stripe of blisters that wraps around either the left or right side of your torso. The signs and symptoms of shingles usually affect only a small section of one side of your body, includes pain, burning, numbness or tingling, sensitivity to touch, a red rash that begins a few days after the pain, fluid-filled blisters that break open and crust over. Treatment includes anti-viral and pain relief.

A sore throat is pain, scratchiness or irritation of the throat that often worsens when you swallow. The most common cause of a sore throat (pharyngitis) is a viral infection, such as a cold or the flu, which mostly resolves on its own. Strep throat (streptococcal infection), a less common type of sore throat caused by bacteria, requires treatment with antibiotics to prevent complications. Symptoms of a sore throat can vary depending on the cause and includes pain or a scratchy sensation in the throat, pain that worsens with swallowing or talking, Difficulty swallowing, Sore, swollen glands in your neck or jaw, swollen, red tonsils, white patches or pus on your tonsils, a hoarse or muffled voice.

Small superficial burns can still result in minor scars and superficial infection. These can be treated with topical medication if treated promptly.

Sinusitis causes the spaces inside your nose (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen. This interferes with drainage and causes mucus to build up. With sinusitis, it might be difficult to breathe through the nose. Thick, yellow or greenish discharge from the nose or down the back of the throat (postnasal drainage). The area around the eyes and face might feel swollen, and there might be throbbing facial pain or a headache.

People who have contact with TB patients can have medications so that tuberculosis does not develop further

Tonsillitis is an inflammatory condition of the tonsils, the two fleshy glands at the back of the throat. It can be caused by either a virus or, less commonly, a bacterial infection. The condition can affect people of any age, but is most common in children between 5 and 10 years of age. The characteristic symptoms of tonsillitis are a sore throat and difficulty swallowing, though ear pain, headaches and fever, among other symptoms, may also occur. If a bacterial infection is the cause, however, antibiotics may be prescribed.

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Typhoid fever is rare in developed countries. It is still a serious health threat in the developing world, especially for children. Contaminated food and water or close contact with an infected person cause typhoid fever. Signs and symptoms usually include: High fever, Headache, Stomach pain, Constipation or diarrhea. Most people who have typhoid fever feel better a few days after they start antibiotic treatment.

Trichomonas vulvovaginitis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) of the vulva (external female genitals) and vagina. It is caused by a small parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. This condition mostly affects women between the ages of 16 and 35 years. It is passed from person to person during sexual intercourse. The most common symptoms are an unusual vaginal discharge, vaginal itch and pain during sexual intercourse. Antibiotics are needed to treat the infection. Sexual partners should also be treated. Most people recover well after treatment for the trichomonas infection, and do not have any further problems.

A urinary tract infection, often referred to as a UTI or urine infection, is an infection of the urinary system. Usually, a urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria from the anal or genital region spreading to the bladder. If left untreated, the infection can continue to spread, eventually reaching the kidneys in the upper urinary tract. UTIs are a very common condition, mostly affecting women, although men can also develop UTIs. Symptoms can include frequent and painful urination, an odd smell to the urine, the presence of blood in the urine and pain in the lower abdomen. Fever, nausea and upper abdominal pain may be a sign that the infection has reached the upper levels of the urinary tract. With prompt antibiotic treatment, most people recover quickly. However, if left untreated, a urinary tract infection can develop into a serious condition with a number of complications.

Information regarding various vaccines is highly sought for children as well as adults who travel to endemic zones. A trained medical staff can help you with forming clarity of dos and don’ts of vaccines

Feeling of light-headedness and vertigo are too very common complaints and can be symptomatically managed.

Sinusitis, also referred to as sinus infection or rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the sinuses. The sinuses are air-filled cavities within the bones in the face and nose; sinusitis occurs when these cavities become inflamed and blocked, leading to a build-up of mucus and air. It is a common condition, occurring in many cases following a cold. Symptoms of sinusitis include nasal discharge, a blocked nose, tenderness around the head and sinus headaches.